frequency, causes, and places of unintentional injuries in a nationally representative sample of iranian children and adolescents: the caspian-iv study

background: this study aims to assess the frequency, causes, and places of injuries in a nationally representative sample of iranian children and adolescents, as well as the referral, places allocated for injured individuals. methods: this nationwide study was conducted in 2011-2012 among 13486 elementary, secondary and high‑school students who were selected by random cluster stratified multistage sampling from 30 provinces in iran. the global school‑based health survey questionnaire of the world health organization was used. results: the study participants consisted of 50.8% boys, 75.6% urban resident with a mean age of 12.5 years. overall, 20.25% of participants reported that they were minimally injured once in the last 12 months; this prevalence was higher in boys than in girls (25.74% vs. 14.58%, respectively, p < 0.001), without significant difference in urban (20.11%) and rural (20.69%) areas. most of them (39.92%) were injured at homes or house yards with higher prevalence in girls than in boys (48.61% vs. 35.17%, respectively, p < 0.001) and in rural than in urban areas (27.30% vs. 20.89%, respectively, p < 0.001). schools were reported as the second prevalent site of injury occurrence (22.50%). emergency departments and physician offices were the most prevalent referral places for injured individuals (32.31% and 22.38%, respectively). most of the school injuries occurred during play or sport activities (45.92%). conclusions: prevention of unintentional injuries should be considered as a health priority. appropriate preventive strategies should be enhanced at homes and schools.